Using Anti-Müllerian Hormone and Serum Estradiol to Predict Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome in Patients Using Antagonist Protocol During IVF/ICSI Cycles

Objectives: To investigate the ability of Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and estradiol (E2) to predict OHSS in women using the GnRH antagonist protocol while undergoing invitro-fertilization (IVF) or intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI).
Study design: Retrospective analysis of women who had performed IVF/ICSI at assisted conception unit of Kasr Alainy university hospital over a period of 3 years.
Patients and Methods: Basal serum AMH, estradiol (E2) level on the day of ovulation trigger and OHSS, among various other parameters were recorded and analyzed.
Results: Thirty cases of OHSS (8.54%) were identified. There was no statistical difference in incidence of OHSS among age (p=0.976), FSH (p=0.286), LH (p=0.932), TSH (p=0.277), and prolactin (p=0.283), however, AMH (p=0.04), BMI (p=0.012), AFC (p< 0.001), and E2 before trigger (p<0.001) were significant. The overall clinical pregnancy rate was 27.35 % (n=96). The receiver operator analysis curve had a cut-off value of 4.45ng/ml (80%, sensitivity & 56% specificity). The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.661 with 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.548-0.775) (p=0.003). While for E2 the cut-off value was 4459 pg/ml with 76.7% sensitivity and 55.7% specificity), AUC 0.673 95% (CI) (0.554-0.791) (p=0.002). Combining both AMH ≥ 4.45ng/ml and E2 ≥4459 pg/ml had odds ratio 4.302 (95% CI) (1.795-10.304), relative risk (RR) 0.891 with 95%CI (0.832-0.954) (p<0.001).
Conclusion: AMH and serum E2 before trigger are not highly accurate tests alone for the prediction of OHSS. When basal serum AMH was ≥4.45ng/ml and E2 ≥ 4459 pg/ml, the patient was at 4 fold increased risk of developing OHSS