Fetal Echocardiography for Evaluation of Fetal Cardiac Structure and Function in Mothers with Preeclampsia

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Department of obstetric and gynecology, Assiut university, Assiut, Egypt

2 Department of Obstetrics and gynecology faculty of medicine Assiut university Egypt

3 Department of Obstetrics and gynecology, faculty of medicine, Assuit University

Abstract

Background: Preeclampsia has pathological effect on the fetus. Fetal growth restriction (FGR) occurs due to placental insufficiency and has added effect on the fetus. Fetal cardiac remodeling occurs in fetuses with growth restriction, but its occurrence in preeclampsia with a normally grown fetus is still unclear.
Aim: To study changes in fetal cardiac structure and function in mothers with preeclampsia (PET) with or without fetal growth restriction as compared with healthy controls.
Methods: This was a prospective cohort study including patients with preeclampsia and nor mal fetal growth (23 cases), preeclampsia with fetal growth restriction (22 cases) and 27 healthy mothers as a control. Fetal Doppler study and echocardiography was performed by specialist sonographers for cases and controls and all data are collected and analyzed.
Results: 73 cases were recruited for final analysis. Preeclampsia with FGR showed significant difference in stroke volume and cardiac output vs. control (p value 0.001 and <0.001 respectively). Both PET with FGR and PET without FGR showed significant difference in left ventricular wall thickness vs. control (p value 0.03 in both groups). PET without FGR showed significant difference in ventricular cavity diameter vs. control (p value 0.001). Both PET with FGR and PET without FGR showed less Apgar score, birth weight and more NICU admission vs. control (p value <0.001).
Conclusion: Preeclampsia with FGR showed cardiac remodeling and function changes in comparison to healthy controls.

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